基于基线延长的高精度北斗双星系统快速定向算法研究

由于北斗定位系统的两颗卫星位于赤道的同步轨道，对地静止且可观测的载波相位信息少，因此传统多星系统求解整周模糊度进行定向的方法难以直接利用。针对此情况，利用延长基线可改变卫星-天线几何关系的方法，求解载波相位的整周模糊度，化不利为有利，实现双星的快速定向。针对基线在不同区域不同姿态下的仿真表明：当测试条件为基线原长1．5m，延长倍数为4时，载波相位测量精度为1％周，可实现优于0．1。的方位精度和0．05。的俯仰精度，如果延长基线或增加延长倍数，还可取得更高精度，证实了该方法的可行性和高精度性。同时由于该方法的基线安装机构简单可靠，使用时便于展开，因此可应用于环境复杂的快速定向场合。     

基于精密单点定位的航空重力仪运动加速度估计

本文针对航空重力测量中利用单基准站差分GNSS方法估计载体加速度的局限性,提出了两种基于PPP的载体加速度高精度估计方法—位置差分法和相位差分法。在详细推导了两种估计方法解算方程的基础上,研究总结了方法各自的特点与优势,最后通过实验分析了卫星导航误差源对两种方法的影响。实验研究表明,相位差分法在抑制低阶误差方面更具优势;-2~+2周的整周模糊度解算偏差对位置差分法的加速度估计结果在滤波后产生近10mGal的影响;在数据采样间隔为1s时,1周的周跳对相位差分法的加速度估计结果产生数千mGal的误差。研究结果能为航空重力测量中利用PPP高精度估计重力仪加速度提供一定的理论指导,尤其对难以建站的测区的重力测量具有重大意义。     

Inertial aided BDS triple-frequency integer ambiguity rounding method

The integer ambiguity resolution (AR) of carrier phase is significant for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) precise positioning. However, in kinematic case, single-epoch AR methods based on alone GNSS are usually not reliable due to the instable pseudorange accuracy. Moreover, the computation of classical AR method Least Squares Ambiguity Decorrelation Adjustment (LAMBDA) is large. Thus, the inertial measurement unit (IMU) is introduced, a new inertial-aided AR method that directly rounds the float ambiguity of BeiDou triple-frequency combined observations, which is characterized by long wavelength, low carrier-phase noise and ionospheric delay, is proposed. The mathematical model of the new method is derived first. Then the impacts of the carrier-phase noise, ionospheric delay and inertial navigation system (INS) position error on the AR success ratio of combined observation are analyzed through probabilistic approach. Based on above investigation, the combinations (0, ?1, 1), (1, 4, ?5) and (4, ?2, ?3) are selected to resolve the original ambiguity. A vehicular integrated navigation test is performed to demonstrate the proposed method. The results show that the average AR success ratios of the three selected combinations, whose float ambiguity errors are 0.041, 0.146, 0.279 cycle respectively, are above 97.25% without regard to low-elevation C05. With respect to positioning accuracy based on our AR method when compared with IE software, the east, north, up error RMS of position are 0.042, 0.024, 0.069 m, respectively. In terms of the AR recover after the BeiDou signals outage, as long as 62 s BeiDou signal complete outage, all the ambiguities of all satellites could be re-fixed immediately. Besides, during the 90 s signals partial outage, the AR is not influenced by the position error, since the float ambiguity errors are all below half-cycle. The research of this contribution demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed new method, which indicates it is applicable to kinematic positioning, even in BDS degraded and denied environments.     

高低轨双星时频差无源定位精度

高低轨卫星联合定位是提高地面辐射源无源定位精度的有效方法。从时差基线、速度差增加方面分析了高低轨双星定位精度相对同轨卫星定位精度高的原因,推导出高低轨双星时频差定位误差分布表达式,分析了高低轨联合定位适用的时频差测量方法及其测量精度。仿真分析结果表明:在低轨卫星星下点附近较大范围内,定位精度达到百米量级。验证了双星相对位置变化、时频差测量误差、高低轨卫星自身位置速度测量误差等因素对高低轨双星定位精度的影响。     

新的GPS单频单历元定姿算法

LAMBDA算法依赖于初始的模糊度浮点解,但仅用载波相位观测方程需要多个历元才能获得浮点解,将导致初始化时间过长.针对这一问题,对GPS(Global Positioning System)单历元的载波相位单差方程进行特殊变换,将未知的整周模糊度看成噪声,从而构造出新的观测方程,和原始的观测方程进行组合求解,克服了仅用载波相位双差观测方程因为亏秩而无法在单历元获得浮点解的缺点,解决了初始化时间的问题.通过深入研究浮点解和固定解之间的关系,提出一种将低精度浮点解映射到固定解的方法,降低了LAMBDA算法对高精度浮点解的依赖性,避免了用多个历元获取浮点解的高精度,从而实现了单频、单历元的整周模糊度估计.通过实际测试,该算法成功率高于97%,能够有效地用于实时动态姿态解算.      

Improvement of PPP-inferred tropospheric estimates by integer ambiguity resolution

Integer ambiguity resolution in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) can improve positioning accuracy and reduce convergence time. The decoupled clock model proposed by Collins (2008) has been used to facilitate integer ambiguity resolution in PPP, and research has been conducted to assess the model’s potential to improve positioning accuracy and reduce positioning convergence time. In particular, the biggest benefits have been identified for the positioning solutions within short observation periods such as one hour. However, there is little work reported about the model’s potential to improve the estimation of the tropospheric parameter within short observation periods. This paper investigates the effect of PPP ambiguity resolution on the accuracy of the tropospheric estimates within one hour.     

基于虚拟基线变换和RBFNN的宽频段DOA估计

提出利用虚拟基线变换的方法解决了频率高端的相位模糊,克服由于相位模糊性造成的方向特征的多值模糊问题,从而简化了从方向特征到波达方向的映射关系。提取无模糊的方向特征,训练RBF神经,进行宽频段波达方向估计。理论分析和试验表明,该解模糊方法计算量小,能有效消除圆阵列的相位模糊,适用阵元数大于等于5的任意均匀圆阵列天线（6元除外）;利用解模糊后的特征建立的DOA估计模型结构简单,性能大大优于直接建模和相关干涉仪法,具有优越的性能和工程实用性。     

一种改进的GNSS整周模糊度解相关算法

GNSS整周模糊度解相关算法的性能直接影响到整周模糊度的搜索速度和解算成功率。为了在不降低GNSS整周模糊度解相关算法解相关程度的前提下,提高解相关算法的计算效率,在深入分析典型解相关方法优缺点的基础上,提出基于对角线预排算的解相关算法。该方法源于对直接对角线排序解相关算法的预排序思想,采用矩阵分解后对角线元素中最小值并将其转换到对应对角线位置的方式,用更少的迭代次数达到比直接对角线排序更好的解相关效果。将新算法与其他算法进行仿真比较得出,其性能优于直接对角线排序算法,解相关功能与联合解相关算法等效,且计算效率略占优势。     

Ambiguity resolution performance with GPS and BeiDou for LEO formation flying

The evolving BeiDou Navigation Satellite System constellation brings new opportunities for high-precision applications. In this contribution the focus will be on one such application, namely precise and instantaneous relative navigation of a formation of LEO satellites. The aim is to assess the ambiguity resolution performance with the future GPS and BeiDou constellations depending on system choice (GPS, BeiDou, or GPS+BeiDou), single- or dual-frequency observations, receiver noise, and uncertainties in ionosphere modelling. In addition, for the GPS+BeiDou constellation it will be shown how the growing BeiDou constellation in the years to come can already bring an important performance improvement compared to the GPS-only case. The performance will be assessed based on the percentage of time that the required precision can be obtained with a partial ambiguity resolution strategy.     

幅相联合技术下导引装置测向性能仿真分析

在介绍了国外反辐射无人机导引装置幅相联合测向技术的基础上,分别就干涉仪、比幅法测向条件下导引装置测向性能进行了仿真分析。结果表明,导引装置采用干涉仪测向时精度较比幅法测向的精度高,但存在测向模糊;比幅法测向精度不高,但可以解除干涉仪测向产生的模糊。最后,分析给出了测角范围与目标雷达频率、测角误差与测量到达角的关系,得出了导引装置采用幅相联合测向的优势。